Colon polyps are abnormal growths that form in the lining of the colon or rectum. In the majority of cases, these morphomas do not cause any symptoms and are usually found incidentally during an imaging test performed for another reason. Although a colorectal polyp is usually a form of benign growth, some forms of polyps can develop into colorectal cancer if not detected in time and left untreated.
Which form of colorectal polyp is most likely to turn into cancer?
Colon polyps are classified into three main types based on their appearance: adenomatous polyps, hyperplastic polyps and inflammatory polyps. Adenomatous polyps are the most common in appearance and have the highest chance of developing into cancer. Hyperplastic and inflammatory polyps, on the other hand, are generally considered benign and carry a reduced risk of malignant outgrowth. It is believed that most cases of colorectal cancer develop from adenomatous polyps, making their early detection and removal crucial to prevent progression to colorectal cancer. Over time, genetic mutations in this form of polyps may lead to uncontrolled cell growth, eventually causing cancerous tumours to develop. Progression from polyp to cancer is a slow process that can take years, which offers a critical window of opportunity for intervention and prevention.
Colon polyp & cancer: Risk factors for their development
Several risk factors contribute to the development of polyps and gradually to colon cancer. Initially, the risk increases with age, with most cases of developing a colorectal polyp and then cancer occurring in people over the age of 50. At the same time, having a personal or family history of polyps or colorectal cancer increases the chances of developing the disease. Conditions such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease may increase the likelihood of polyps and cancer. Finally, certain lifestyle factors such as sedentary lifestyle, obesity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption and the adoption of a diet low in fibre and high in red or processed meat are associated with an increased risk of polyps and, over time, colorectal cancer.
Colon polyps & cancerous outgrowth: Risk reduction strategies
A colorectal polyp can develop into cancer over time, which underlines the importance of early detection through screening methods such as colonoscopy. During colonoscopy, a colorectal polyp can be both detected and removed directly in its early stages, thus significantly reducing the risk of developing colorectal cancer. Regular screening for colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer is essential, especially for people over the age of 50 or those with increased risk factors.
In addition, adopting a healthy lifestyle and following preventive measures can further mitigate the risk of polyps and cancer. Maintaining a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains, combined with limiting red and processed meat, can significantly reduce the chances of developing these two conditions. Regular physical activity, stopping smoking and moderate alcohol consumption also help to reduce the risk. Finally, in some cases, people with a strong family history of colorectal cancer may consider genetic testing to identify specific genetic mutations associated with the disease. This information can be a powerful tool for prevention and early diagnosis of any risk factors.
A colon polyp, if not found in time and left untreated, can develop into cancer over time. Through awareness, regular screening and the adoption of a healthy lifestyle, the likelihood of developing both of these conditions is significantly reduced. However, if a colon polyp is detected or has turned into cancer, the General Surgeons in Athens that make up the Colon Rectal Surgery Clinic apply the most effective treatment techniques for the benefit of the patient.
